Pane e Panelle (Chickpea Fritter Sandwich)
The undisputed king of Palermo street food: thin fritters of chickpea flour, fried until golden and crisp-edged, piled hot into a soft sesame mafalda roll with a squeeze of lemon. A humble, vegan classic with Arab roots dating back a thousand years.

- prep 90 min
- cook 35 min
- total 125 min
- serves 4
- intermediate
- vegetarian
- vegan
- Italy
Ingredients
- 250 g Chickpea flour
- 750 ml Water
- 1 tsp Salt
- 2 tbsp Parsley
- 500 ml Olive oil
- 4 pieces Sesame bread rolls
- 1 piece Lemon
- 1 pinch Black pepper
Steps
- Lightly oil a baking sheet or a few flat plates and set aside; this is where the cooked batter will be spread to set.
- In a cold, heavy-bottomed pot, slowly pour in the chickpea flour while whisking the water continuously, adding it in a thin stream to avoid lumps.
- Whisk in the salt.
- Place over medium-low heat and stir constantly with a wooden spoon for about 25 minutes, until the batter thickens into a smooth, compact paste that pulls away from the sides of the pot.
- Stir in the chopped parsley near the end.
- Working quickly while hot, pour the batter onto the oiled surface and spread it with a wet spatula or the back of a spoon into a very thin layer, about 2–3 mm thick.
- Let cool completely until firm, at least 1 hour.
- Cut the set sheet into rectangles or triangles roughly the size of your palm.
- Heat a generous amount of olive oil (or seed oil) in a deep pan to about 175°C (350°F).
- Fry the panelle a few at a time until golden and blistered, about 2 minutes per side.
- Lift onto paper towels to drain and season immediately while still hot.
- Split the sesame mafalda rolls, pile in a generous stack of hot panelle, squeeze over plenty of lemon juice, add a pinch of salt and pepper, and eat straight away.
Tips
- Whisking the chickpea flour into cold water (never hot) is the secret to a lump-free batter. Spread the cooked batter as thinly as you can — authentic panelle are wafer-thin and crisp, not thick. Always salt and lemon them the instant they leave the oil, and eat the sandwich hot; panelle turn leathery as they cool.
≈ 420 kcal · 13 g protein · 58 g carbs · 15 g fat — per serving, estimate